Surety barons for the enforcement of the Magna Carta 1215 As specified in Clause 61, this is the list of the twenty-five barons who acted as Sureties, or enforcers, of Magna Carta. These Barons were granted through Clause 61, authority to overrule the will of the King and to seize his castles and other possessions if necessary.

1215: The Year of Magna Carta is a historical documentation of life in Medieval England written by author and journalist Danny Danziger and emeritus professor of history at the London School of EconomicsJohn Gillingham. It was originally published in 2003 by Hodder & Stoughton, a division of Hodder Headline. In 2004, it was published in the United States by Touchstone. This book is a sequel to Danziger's previous work, The Year 1000, which he co-authored with author Robert Lacey.

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1215 Magna Carta Summary

Content[edit]

Overview[edit]

1215: The Year of Magna Carta is a rare documentation because it is a work of creative non-fiction, a method of writing which is rarely used in writing a historical text. Based on the title, one may expect to read a book entirely about Magna Carta, the document that changed the course of England's history. However, the book goes into detail about life in the Middle Ages, specifically in the year 1215. The book begins by explaining the everyday life of someone of royalty, then of the average peasant. It explains school, the countryside, hunting, tournaments, battles and the church. Throughout the book, several references to Magna Carta are intertwined with everyday events. For example, the chapter entitled 'Family Strife' begins with the quotation from clause 62 of Magna Carta: 'We have completely remitted and pardoned to all any ill will, grudge and rancor that have arisen between us and our subjects.' ^[1]

1215: The Year of Magna Carta continues to describe the life of a common scholar, where studies in the medical field were greatly encouraged to students who had failed at studying philosophy. While Oxford and Cambridge were the ideal universities to study, smaller schools became established in Salerno and Montpellier. This section goes on to explain women's education, which ended for them at age fifteen. After Danziger and Gillingham go at length explaining life in the Middle Ages, they begin to speak of how Magna Carta came to be, starting with King John.

King John and Magna Carta[edit]

The story of King John is told from his birth to his death, in between being his struggle in accepting to sign Magna Carta. Danziger and Gilingham go at length to explain the reasons that caused him to be spoiled as a child, that is, being neglected as a child. This led to his tyrannous rule as King of England after the death of his brother, Richard I. He had several mistresses, was unfaithful to his wife, and raised the taxes in England which made it impossible for the peasants to live. Thus, Magna Carta was written by the Barons of England to give the country a guideline.

The book ends with the reasons for the writing of Magna Carta. This includes the problems faced by the women and children of Medieval England who had hardly any rights, and how knights were duty-bound to protect them. There is an entire section that explains the myths regarding the writing and signing of Magna Carta. Some of the myths include: Magna Carta having no meaning after Prince Louis was crowned king and that it would not be an influential document for the rest of the world.^[2]

Critical reception[edit]

1215: The Year of Magna Carta has received positive reviews from several critics and historians. It has been noted as a historical document that has 'bestseller written all over it.'^[3] The one aspect every critic seems to enjoy is how the book tells of every fine detail that occurred during the Medieval era. Journalist Christina Hardyment was surprised to learn that King John used glasses to read and sign Magna Carta properly.^[4]

However, there are some negative reviews. An anonymous reviewer from Brown University states, 'I learned more from reading Magna Carta reproduced at the back of this book than I did from the book itself. There's a lesson there, somewhere, about the value of source documents.'^[5] He continued to state that 1215 was merely a book on life in Medieval England, and gave hardly any information about Magna Carta itself.

Other critics have similar opinions of the book. Critic Robert Heydt states that the book is deceiving (deceptive) in its title and only, 'the final two chapters deal at length with the history and myth of the Great Charter, and the book includes the complete text of the document.'^[6] Another critic, Wesley Burnett thinks that the book is a clever historical documentation and is well written. However, he states, '1215: The Year of Magna Carta doesn't follow the formula and won't win anyone tenure anywhere.'^[7] Thus, while critics enjoyed the book, most wanted there to be more information about Magna Carta itself.

References[edit]

1. ^Danziger, Danny; Gillingham, John (2004). 1215: The Year of Magna Carta. New York City: Touchstone. p. 75.
2. ^Danziger 1215; pp. 267–268
3. ^Danziger and Gillingham, Danny and John (2004). 1215: The Year of Magna Carta. New York City: Touchstone. pp. Back cover.
4. ^Hardyment, Christina. 'Taking a Liberty with English History'. The Independent. London. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
5. ^Unknown author. 'Book Review: 1215:The Year of Magna Carta'. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
6. ^Heydt, Bruce. '1215: The Year of Magna Carta Book Review'. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
7. ^Burnett, Wesley. '1215: The Year of Magna Carta by Danny Danziger and John GIllingham'. Retrieved 17 November 2011.

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